UK Economic Signals: Inflation, Employment and What They Mean for Private Credit

UK Economy with the City of London skyline at sunset.

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Introduction

The majority of LGB’s Medium Term Note programmes offer an exposure to the UK economy through the leasing or lending businesses of the issuers. The companies issuing these notes are not newcomers to economic volatility. They have operated through Brexit, the pandemic and lockdowns, supply chain disruption and the subsequent inflation shocks. In that sense they are by and large relatively battle hardened.

For a sophisticated private investor, the key consideration is an assessment of the challenges facing the UK economy, and whether current macroeconomic signals threaten underlying credit quality. The pricing of the issues might understate the risk of defaults or instead represent an attractive investment opportunity in risk adjusted terms and in relation to equity investing.

Several indicators merit close attention.

Employment & Wages

Labour market softening – previously anecdotal – now appears more firmly embedded.

  • Unemployment reached 5.2% in Q4 of last year.
  • Job vacancies fell to 726,000, down from the the post-lockdown peak of 1.3 million.
  • The ratio of unemployed people per vacancy has risen to 2.6, compared with a low of 1.1.
  • Nominal wage growth slowed to a four-year low in late 2025 with real growth of 0.5%.

Households are responding cautiously rather than reactively. The savings rate rose to 9.5% in late 2025, compared with below 6% before the Pandemic, suggesting that consumers are building financial reserves.

Consumers appear cautious rather than distressed, which is broadly supportive for credit quality across most SME-focused sectors.

Housing

The housing market presents a mixed picture.

Weakness appears concentrated in London and higher-value rural property, while many regional markets remain relatively resilient. Despite the number of homes for sale reaching an 11-year high, national house prices continue to show modest growth of roughly 1.1-2.4% annually, according to the survey you pick, with a relatively strong start in January 2026. Rent inflation has also moderated. At 3.5%, it is now broadly aligned with wage growth.

More pressure is visible on the supply side of the housing market. Developers continue to face elevated labour and material costs, while planning delays remain persistent. Several large listed housing companies issued profit warnings during 2025, with conditions generally more difficult for smaller operators.

This pressure is reflected in the data. Construction insolvencies remain elevated, and according to Construction News, the sector recorded the highest number of insolvencies of any UK industry in 2025 – the fourth consecutive year this has occurred.

Inflation

Recent inflation data has been encouraging

  • CPI: 3.0%, down from 3.4%
  • CPIH (including housing costs): 3.2% year-on-year in January, surprisingly low – down from 3.6% in December

While the direction of travel is positive, inflation remains only modestly below wage growth. This combination – together with a softer labour market – suggests the Bank of England has scope to accelerate interest rate cuts.

However, SMEs typically borrow at a significant premium to the Bank Rate, so modest reductions in policy rates do not immediately transform borrowing conditions. Absolute rate falls are welcome, but they only marginally improve SMEs’ viability. 

Consumer Confidence

Consumer confidence remains subdued but stable.

The GfK Consumer Confidence Index reached its low point in September 2022, coinciding with the spike in energy prices and the market disruption surrounding the Truss administration.

While the sentiment remains negative, the most recent reading is the strongest in over a year, suggesting that the worst of the confidence shock may be behind us. The latest reading is the best for over a year, so perhaps some very small green shoots.

Business Confidence

Business sentiment paints a similar picture.

Most surveys show confidence remaining relatively low but gradually improving from the trough reached in late 2024. Importantly, the flash February PMI readings – which tend to act as a leading indicator – show a noticeable improvement in business activity.

(source: Simon French Economics) 

Company Failures

Corporate insolvencies remain elevated by historical standards but are now trending lower.

The UK Insolvency Service reported a 14% year-on-year decline in company insolvencies in England and Wales, bringing levels to the lower end of the post-lockdown range.

This suggests that the sharp adjustment following the withdrawal of Pandemic-era support may now be moderating.

(sources: Insolvency Service – compulsory liquidations only: Companies House – all other insolvency procedures)

Conclusions

The operating environment for SMEs is not easy. However, the data does not currently point to a broad deterioration in credit quality – there are actually some bright spots. In several areas – inflation, business confidence and insolvency trends – there are early signs of stabilisation.

For our financial-sector MTN issuers, this is definitely encouraging. Elevated insolvency levels are well understood within the sector and form part of normal credit underwriting, while recent declines – if sustained – are supportive.

The mild improvements in business and consumer confidence are definitely helpful. Anecdotally, there are signs of public sector spending being unlocked which should have a trickle-down effect on SMEs. However the employment numbers are concerning and some sectors – particularly hospitality – are having well publicised pressures. In an environment where the problems are known, as they seem to be, so long as credit pricing remains disciplined, we don’t see a major threat to credit quality. For sophisticated investors willing to assess individual issuers carefully, the UK SME credit market continues to provide attractive yield relative to underlying risk.